Cron Expression Evaluation
Cron expression calculation, online calculation of the execution plan time of cron (crontab) expression. Cron expression supports Linux style, cron4j style, quartz style and spring style.
Cron expression is a string separated by 4, 5 or 6 spaces and divided into 5, 6 or 7 fields. Each field represents a meaning and represents a specific set of time series, which is usually used as the schedule for executing programs or triggering actions.
Linux : minute hour dayOfMonth month dayOfWeek [user] [command]
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Cron4j : minute hour dayOfMonth month dayOfWeek
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Quartz : second minute hour dayOfMonth month dayOfWeek [year]
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Spring : second minute hour dayOfMonth month dayOfWeek
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Cron Expression Field Description
Field | Required | Allow Value | Special Characters | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|
second | Yes | 0-59 | , - * / | Only Quartz and Spring support this field |
minute | Yes | 0-59 | , - * / | |
hour | Yes | 0-23 | , - * / | |
dayOfMonth | Yes | 1-31 | , - * / ? L W | ? L W Only partial implementation support |
month | Yes | 1–12 or JAN–DEC | , - * / | |
dayOfWeek | Yes | 0-7 or SUN-SAT | , - * / ? L # | ? L # Only partial implementation support. Linux, Spring supports 0-7. Cron4j supports 0-6. Quartz supports 1-7. |
year | No | 1970–2099 | , - * / | Only Quartz supports this field. |
Cron Expression Special Character Description
- * (“all values”) - used to select all values within a field. For example, “*” in the minute field means “every minute”.
- ? (“no specific value”) - useful when you need to specify something in one of the two fields in which the character is allowed, but not the other. For example, if I want my trigger to fire on a particular day of the month (say, the 10th), but don’t care what day of the week that happens to be, I would put “10” in the day-of-month field, and “?” in the day-of-week field. See the examples below for clarification.
- - - used to specify ranges. For example, “10-12” in the hour field means “the hours 10, 11 and 12”.
- , - used to specify additional values. For example, “MON,WED,FRI” in the day-of-week field means “the days Monday, Wednesday, and Friday”.
- / - used to specify increments. For example, “0/15” in the seconds field means “the seconds 0, 15, 30, and 45”. And “5/15” in the seconds field means “the seconds 5, 20, 35, and 50”. You can also specify ‘/’ after the ‘’ character - in this case ‘’ is equivalent to having ‘0’ before the ‘/’. ‘1/3’ in the day-of-month field means “fire every 3 days starting on the first day of the month”.
- L (“last”) - has different meaning in each of the two fields in which it is allowed. For example, the value “L” in the day-of-month field means “the last day of the month” - day 31 for January, day 28 for February on non-leap years. If used in the day-of-week field by itself, it simply means “7” or “SAT”. But if used in the day-of-week field after another value, it means “the last xxx day of the month” - for example “6L” means “the last friday of the month”. You can also specify an offset from the last day of the month, such as “L-3” which would mean the third-to-last day of the calendar month. When using the ‘L’ option, it is important not to specify lists, or ranges of values, as you’ll get confusing/unexpected results.
- W (“weekday”) - used to specify the weekday (Monday-Friday) nearest the given day. As an example, if you were to specify “15W” as the value for the day-of-month field, the meaning is: “the nearest weekday to the 15th of the month”. So if the 15th is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on Friday the 14th. If the 15th is a Sunday, the trigger will fire on Monday the 16th. If the 15th is a Tuesday, then it will fire on Tuesday the 15th. However if you specify “1W” as the value for day-of-month, and the 1st is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on Monday the 3rd, as it will not ‘jump’ over the boundary of a month’s days. The ‘W’ character can only be specified when the day-of-month is a single day, not a range or list of days.
- # - used to specify “the nth” XXX day of the month. For example, the value of “6#3” in the day-of-week field means “the third Friday of the month” (day 6 = Friday and “#3” = the 3rd one in the month). Other examples: “2#1” = the first Monday of the month and “4#5” = the fifth Wednesday of the month. Note that if you specify “#5” and there is not 5 of the given day-of-week in the month, then no firing will occur that month.
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